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Most nouns have six cases: nominative (subject), accusative (object), These different endings are called "cases". There are also two numbers: singular ( mulier "woman") and plural ( mulierēs "women").Īs well as having gender and number, nouns, adjectives, and pronouns have different endings according to their function in the sentence, for example, rēx "the king" (subject), but rēgem "the king" (object). The gender of a noun is shown by the adjectives and pronouns that refer to it: e.g., hic vir "this man", haec mulier "this woman", hoc nōmen "this name". Nouns belong to one of three genders (masculine, feminine, and neuter). Most verbal forms consist of a single word, but some tenses are formed from part of the verb sum "I am" added to a participle for example, ductus sum "I was led" or ductūrus est "he is going to lead". Thus verbs can take any of over 100 different endings to express different meanings, for example regō "I rule", regor "I am ruled", regere "to rule", regī "to be ruled". The inflections are often changes in the ending of a word, but can be more complicated, especially with verbs.
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Nouns are inflected for number and case pronouns and adjectives (including participles) are inflected for number, case, and gender and verbs are inflected for person, number, tense, aspect, voice, and mood.
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Latin is a heavily inflected language with largely free word order.